In the digital age, businesses must adopt enterprise-level databases to handle big data effectively, ensuring scalability, security, and data integrity. The CAP theorem (Consistency, Availability, Partition Tolerance) guides the choice between relational (SQL) and non-relational (NoSQL) databases. Relational databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) suit structured data, prioritizing consistency. Non-relational databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra) handle unstructured data, offering flexibility and scalability. Future trends include distributed relational databases, data lakes, and specialized databases like time-series and search-engine databases, enhancing efficiency and scalability for diverse data needs.

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