This OECD paper explores how economic resilience is essential to achieving sustainable, inclusive growth in the face of climate change, aging populations, digital transformation, and geopolitical shocks. It outlines a framework of four resilience capacities—anticipate, absorb, recover, and adapt—to help governments prepare for future disruptions. Emphasis is placed on policy agility, data infrastructure, coordinated governance, and trust in institutions. The report advocates balancing efficiency with long-term resilience by investing in health, education, climate adaptation, and inclusive digital economies to protect well-being across generations.

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