This report explores the shift from traditional oncology endpoints, such as overall survival, toward surrogate and evolving endpoints that allow faster evaluation of treatment benefit. It analyzes clinical trial data across major cancer types and identifies increased use of endpoints like disease-free survival, pathologic complete response, and minimal residual disease. While regulators increasingly accept surrogate endpoints for accelerated approvals, payer acceptance remains inconsistent due to uncertainty around long-term outcomes. Through case studies and payer perspectives, the report concludes that validated evolving endpoints can support earlier access to therapies if supported by robust evidence linking them to meaningful clinical benefit.

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