The report explores how bots are transforming the public sector, serving both beneficial and malicious roles. While good bots enhance government efficiency through automation, bad bots drive cyberattacks such as credential stuffing, scraping, and DDoS. State-sponsored campaigns like Volt Typhoon highlight growing national security risks. AI advances have enabled adaptive, self-learning bots that execute hybrid attacks combining automation and human tactics, including disinformation campaigns called “Thoughtnets.” To counter these threats, the report recommends AI-driven bot detection, multi-factor authentication, zero trust frameworks, and cross-sector collaboration to protect critical data and public trust.

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