WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY Architecture, Engineering & Construction a tunnel, and especially to the obstructions within, such as tracks, pipes, and walkways. This kind of “softer” fit—i.e., conformance—could be very effective at creating an air- or water-tight seal. An inflatable would also be less bulky than floodgates, and therefore easier and less expensive to install. The idea was to set up inflatable structures, either permanently or temporarily, in multiple locations where an emergency was anticipated. The inflatables would be folded and packed in a container, readied for activation similar to that car airbag. The plug could be inflated by air from fans installed nearby or through pipes. Sensors embedded in the tunnel walls could trigger inflation, or inflation could be acti

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