Introduction Wastewater from electroplating facilities and certain types of chemical plants contains toxic forms of hexavalent chromium such as chromate and dichromate. The hexavalent chromium in this wastewater must be reduced before the water can be discharged. This requires a two-step process: hexavalent chromium (CR 6 ) is reduced to trivalent chromium (CR 3 ); and CR 3 is precipitated as chromium hydroxide. As the oxidation- reduction

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