Background situation The deregulation of Germany’s telecommunications market in the late 1990s brought with it serious competition for Telekom. At the beginning of 2001, the British Vodafone Group acquired Mannesmann’s mobile tele phone business, D2 Privat, and renamed it Vodafone D2. Vodafone was now part of the world’s largest mobile communications company. It had already acquired a UMTS license, which it used to expand such data services as

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