The white paper "The Ransomware Ecosystem" explains how ransomware has evolved into a thriving criminal industry through commodified tactics like Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) and double extortion. It outlines the ecosystem's key players: Initial Access Brokers (IABs), affiliates, and ransomware groups, highlighting their business-like operations. Common attack vectors include spearphishing, RDP brute force, unpatched vulnerabilities, and third-party compromises. Defensive strategies include multi-factor authentication, strong password policies, timely patching, offline backups, and Active Directory hardening to reduce exposure to this persistent and adaptive threat.

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