Ransomware remains a major cyber threat, driven by its profitability and refined business model. Attacks typically involve mass encryption of systems and data theft for double-extortion, forcing victims to pay even if they have backups. The rise of ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) allows operators to rent tools to affiliates, expanding reach and resilience. Even with law enforcement disruptions, new groups quickly replace old ones, drawing from a pool of skilled attackers. The 2023 takedown of the Qakbot botnet, once a key infection vector, had little impact, showing ransomware's ability to adapt and persist.

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