TNO’s paper outlines a roadmap for migrating to quantum-safe cryptography to counter the future threat of quantum computers breaking current encryption, such as RSA and ECC. With estimates suggesting a 50%+ chance RSA-2048 could be broken within 15 years, organizations must act now. Key steps include ramping up awareness, assessing cryptographic assets, upgrading symmetric keys to 256 bits, adopting longer hash outputs, and selecting standardized post-quantum algorithms. Hybrid solutions can ensure backward compatibility. Early planning, crypto agility, and vendor engagement minimize costs and avoid store-now-decrypt-later risks.

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