Quantum computing threatens current encryption, especially asymmetric algorithms like RSA and ECC, via Shor’s algorithm, while Grover’s algorithm reduces symmetric key security. This fuels “harvest now, decrypt later” risks, where stolen encrypted data may be decrypted once quantum capability matures. EY and JPMorgan stress urgent migration to quantum-safe solutions—PQC, QKD, and crypto-agility—given long transition timelines. NIST has standardized CRYSTALS-Kyber, Dilithium, FALCON, and SPHINCS+, with hybrid approaches recommended. A structured remediation roadmap—exploration, readiness, and security—ensures resilience across networks, applications, and infrastructure.

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