This white paper explores cybersecurity risks in maritime transportation ICS/OT systems. It highlights how ships, ports, and waterways depend on OT for propulsion, navigation, cargo handling, and safety, creating a vast attack surface. Challenges include lack of maritime-specific regulations, convergence of IT/OT, rotating crews, and rising threats exemplified by Maersk’s ransomware attack and the Port of Houston breach. Recent standards—IMO Resolution MSC.428(98), CIRCIA, CISA performance goals, and IACS UR E26/E27—aim to strengthen resilience. The paper urges standardized approaches, better training, and proactive defenses to secure global maritime operations .

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