The ATARC Global Quantum Working Group outlines quantum computing’s modalities, near- (1–3 years), mid- (3–7 years), and long-term (7+ years) applications, and the urgent need for post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Current quantum-classical hybrids already solve optimization, simulation, AI, drug discovery, and cybersecurity problems. Mid-term uses include advanced material design, weather modeling, and grid security; long-term targets encryption-breaking and personalized medicine. PQC migration is critical to counter “store now, decrypt later” threats, requiring roadmaps, cryptographic inventories, vendor engagement, and industry collaboration.

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