The Harvard Business Review white paper explores how factories can overcome fragmented, siloed planning and construction practices that drive inefficiencies and costs. With rising pressures from Industry 4.0, sustainability goals, and labor shortages, manufacturers face increasing complexity in designing new facilities and retrofits. Traditional sequential workflows often fail, creating delays, budget overruns, and poor integration. The paper highlights digital enablers such as BIM, digital twins, generative design, and cloud collaboration to foster real-time coordination, reduce errors, and create adaptable, resilient, and efficient factories capable of meeting evolving market and operational demands.

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