Satellites provide global, cost-effective communications where terrestrial networks fall short. They deliver broadband to remote areas, support cellular backhaul, Internet trunking, broadcasting, and advanced uses like telemedicine and VoIP. Most operate in geostationary orbit, acting as “bent pipes” that relay signals point-to-point or multipoint with consistent quality. Benefits include ubiquitous coverage, predictable costs, scalability, and rapid deployment. Using C-, Ku-, and emerging Ka-bands, satellites balance power, bandwidth, and resilience against weather conditions. Ground stations range from large carrier dishes to small VSATs, enabling flexible topologies such as star, mesh, and mobile networks. Intelsat emphasizes satellites’ role in last-mile connectivity, redundancy, and e

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