The World Economic Forum’s Typology of Online Harms (2023) highlights the urgent need to address the growing complexity of digital safety. It categorizes harms into content, contact, and conduct risks, covering threats to personal and community safety as well as dignity and privacy. Examples include child exploitation, extremist content, online bullying, disinformation, and synthetic media. The framework provides a shared language for governments, companies, and civil society to advance rights-based digital safety. While it avoids assigning severity, it lays the groundwork for strategies as technologies like Web3 and AI evolve.

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