ZeroFox’s 2025 Key Forecast Report predicts that ransomware, social engineering, and initial access broker activity will remain major threats, driven by dark web marketplaces and geopolitical instability. Threat actors are expected to exploit generative AI to enhance phishing, bypass authentication, and spread disinformation. RansomHub and emerging ransomware collectives will dominate extortion, while IABs expand access sales to target third-party vendors. China, Russia, and Iran will use cyber operations to advance strategic goals, blurring geopolitical and cyber boundaries. ZeroFox recommends adopting zero-trust frameworks, AI-driven defenses, and continuous intelligence monitoring to stay ahead of evolving threats.

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