ZeroFox’s Fact vs. Fear report (May 2021) dispels misconceptions about the dark web by identifying real cyber threats security teams should monitor. It highlights the rise of double extortion ransomware, where gangs encrypt and leak data, and the growth of ransomware-as-a-service and access brokers selling corporate credentials. Despite takedowns, illicit marketplaces for digital products remain resilient, with actors monetizing stolen data and exploiting COVID-19 relief programs. The report advises organizations to monitor dark web chatter for leaked credentials, phishing kits, and zero-day exploits to understand risk exposure and strengthen proactive defense strategies.

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