The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), effective May 25, 2018, replaced the 1995 Data Protection Directive to ensure fair and lawful personal data processing while upholding privacy rights. Applicable globally to entities handling EU citizens' data, GDPR establishes principles like lawful processing, purpose limitation, data minimization, accuracy, retention periods, security, and accountability. Sensitive data gets extra protection, and pseudonymization is encouraged. Organizations must demonstrate compliance, secure consent, and manage breaches. GDPR harmonizes EU data laws, enhances cross-border business, and addresses challenges of technological advancements.

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