The eBook explains that rapid API growth and tight delivery cycles make authentication mistakes common, and attackers quickly exploit them. It highlights five pitfalls: shipping unauthenticated APIs, accepting any non-null token without validating its value, authenticating users but failing to authorize access to specific resources (enabling ID enumeration), token proliferation where the same API accepts tokens in many locations or formats (creating gaps), and improper authorization logic that lets lower-environment tokens work in production. It recommends pairing Shift Left practices with Shield Right runtime visibility, assessment, and protection to inventory APIs, prioritize risk, check spec conformance, and mitigate active abuse.

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