Introduction Commodities like oil and gold might sell for billions of dollars every year, but when it comes to the question of importance to life on Earth, nothing is as valuable as water. Despite its value, however, the water in our oceans, lakes, and rivers is routinely neglected and misused. Industrial, household, and agricultural waste has polluted our reserves of both fresh and saltwater, and, due to the burning of fossil fuels, huge amounts of carbon dioxide have been released into the atmosphere and then absorbed by our oceans. This has led to the gradual acidification of the water, which is having disastrous consequences on both plant and animal life. To ensure that our lakes, rivers, and seas remain healthy and clean, en

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