Predicting Childhood Lead Exposure at the Census Tract Level Challenge Although lead exposure among U.S. children is declining, significant exposure and subsequent effects remain and harm children disproportionately in certain communities. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) estimates childhood lead exposure at a national level, but the data is insufficient for local programmatic decision-making. Identifying disproportionately affected communities remains difficult. State or local blood-lead surveillance data is not universally available; for example, seventeen states do not maintain blood-lead level (BLL) surveillance systems necessary to provide data to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Thus, many U.S. communities have no BLL monitoring results, hi

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