Russia’s second in terms of installed capacity (6,000 MW), and is one of the world’s top 10 largest HPPs. The power plant supplies energy for the Krasnoyarsk power grid, which, in turn, is a part of Siberian Unified Power System. The long-term annual average power output of Krasnoyarsk HPP is 18.3 billion kWh. In 1991, an end-to-end renovation plan was created for the power station, encompassing both the core equipment, and all of the supporting infrastructure. This was Russia’s first HPP modernization of such scale that involved not only planned maintenance, but a total upgrade, including that of automat- ed process control systems. In the course of the renovation, it was decided to implement the power plant’s top-level process control systems using clusters with virtualization

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