Development of Surrogates of Alternative Liquid Fuels Generated from Biomass Challenge The U.S. Air Force needed to better understand the characteristics of bio-based alternative fuels they intended to use as jet fuel in a 50/50 blend with conventional fuels. Bio-based aviation fuel properties—including fuels made by pyrolysis, fermentation, and algae-based oils—were less defined compared to petroleum-based fuels. Because these bio-based oils were still new, the Air Force did not have an efficient way to produce the quantities needed to properly assess combustion efficiency, emission and fuel capability and performance properties. Solution Battelle and AAFRF modified the SPU at AAFRF to produce 500-gallon plus lots of fuel surrogates with properties similar to next-generation bio-based avi

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