The 2023 U.S. consumer-directed health market shows HSAs leading growth with a 6.4% CAGR, rising payment volumes, and innovation focus. FSAs grow at 2.7%, recovering from pandemic declines but facing tempered prospects, with potential in nonmedical uses. HRAs have under 1% growth, though ICHRAs and QSEHRAs present opportunities. Debit and prepaid cards dominate HSA and FSA spending and are increasing in HRAs, replacing ACH and checks. Lifestyle accounts are gaining traction, with nearly half of stakeholders reporting moderate to strong demand and more employers offering them, signaling high growth potential.

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