This white paper explains why traditional privileged access models fail in modern cloud environments and introduces Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) as a next-generation approach to cloud identity security. It describes how standing access and over-permissioned identities increase breach risk and slow innovation. ZSP builds on just-in-time access by ensuring identities start with no inherent privileges and receive only “just enough” access when specific conditions are met. The document details how ZSP uses time-bound access, granular entitlements, and automated approvals to reduce exposure while preserving developer productivity. It outlines a layered strategy combining ZSP, JIT, and PAM to secure workforce, developer, and machine identities across multi-cloud environments, emphasizing least

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