This white paper draws on real-world incident response engagements to highlight why many IR plans fail under real attack conditions. It identifies recurring gaps such as loss of forensic evidence, siloed decision-making, overreliance on manual processes, and inadequate identity protection. The document contrasts nation-state, eCrime, and insider threat tactics to show how attackers exploit the same operational weaknesses. It provides practical guidance on evidence preservation, identity verification, XDR visibility, and coordinated containment. Emphasizing speed, authority, and preparation, the paper argues that effective IR depends on tested workflows, empowered responders, and visibility across endpoint, identity, and cloud environments.

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