This white paper explores the revolutionary progress in cancer immunotherapy, which utilizes the body’s immune system to combat cancer. Key approaches include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), CAR T-cell therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and bispecific and trispecific antibodies. ICIs, targeting molecules like PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, have reshaped cancer treatment, though challenges such as variable patient response and immune-related adverse events persist. CAR T-cell therapy has shown promise, particularly in hematological cancers, with ongoing research to enhance its efficacy in solid tumors.

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