Digital transformation is increasing connectivity between IT and OT networks, raising risks from remote access, shared credentials, and uncontrolled communication to ICS and OT systems lacking proper segmentation. Despite modernization efforts, only a small share of organizations have reached mature OT security. Progress is often hindered by cultural differences between IT and OT teams, limited resources, and gaps in cybersecurity ownership. These challenges make it harder to protect critical infrastructure, underscoring the need for better coordination, stronger controls, and improved security practices across both environments.

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