This paper explains why traditional passwords, weak MFA, and static authentication cannot withstand modern threats. Page 1 outlines escalating risks: phishing-resistant MFA requirements, AI-driven credential attacks, and identity-based breaches. It presents next-generation authentication methods including biometrics, adaptive and contextual access, FIDO2/WebAuthn, device trust, and continuous authentication. Diagrams show risk-scoring models and dynamic step-up authentication flows. The document emphasizes zero-trust alignment and regulatory compliance. Recommendations include consolidating identity stores, enforcing stronger factors, and adopting authentication that evolves with behavioral and environmental signals.

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