Cloud environments introduce unique security challenges like ephemeral workloads, API-based access, and disappearing perimeters. Attackers often exploit misconfigured admin credentials or APIs to bypass defenses, as seen in Operation Cloud Hopper. Key threats include insufficient identity controls, insecure APIs, insider threats, and account hijacking. Because cloud service providers (CSPs) and tenants share security responsibilities, visibility into attacker behavior is critical. Organizations must monitor both cloud and on-prem environments, manage access tightly, and detect lateral movement to effectively respond to threats.

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