The Bertin Environics white paper The Role of Early Warning Chemical Detection (2023) examines how chemical reconnaissance and detection are critical in modern CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) environments. It highlights the prevalence of chemical threats, including warfare agents like VX and Novichoks, and toxic industrial chemicals from accidents or attacks. Early warning detection—“detect to warn”—enables timely protective actions, while higher levels of confirmation (“detect to treat”) support medical response and forensics. Effective systems combine multiple sensor technologies to reduce false positives and provide classification by state, type, and persistence. The paper stresses training, multi-technology validation, and systematic processes (detect, classify, loca

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