Pulumi and Terraform are leading Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools used for cloud infrastructure management. Terraform, introduced by HashiCorp in 2014, is known for its declarative approach and robust ecosystem, utilizing HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). However, recent licensing changes to the Business Source License (BSL) and its inherent challenges (e.g., learning curve, state management, and secret management) have raised concerns. In contrast, Pulumi allows developers to define infrastructure using general-purpose programming languages (e.g., Python, TypeScript), offering greater flexibility, better integration with existing tools, and programmability, which can boost productivity and adaptability in evolving cloud environments.

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