The paper explains that cloud adoption requires understanding the shared responsibility model, where providers secure infrastructure but customers must protect data, identities, and configurations. Relying solely on native cloud security increases exposure to misconfigurations, external attacks, and insider threats, as shown in the threat examples on pages 5 and 6. Regulatory pressures such as Schrems II drive the need for independent control of keys and access. A vendor neutral approach with dedicated IAM and HSM solutions prevents lateral movement, strengthens sovereignty, avoids lock in and provides consistent, centralized security across multicloud environments.

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