This white paper stresses the need for state and local governments to adopt a “whole-of-state” model for cybersecurity, particularly as they enter the third year of federal CISA cybersecurity funding. Rising ransomware, phishing, and endpoint incidents—driven by AI-powered social engineering—highlight weaknesses in fragmented defenses. The paper contrasts decentralized “pass-through” funding models with centralized procurement strategies that enable resource pooling, workforce training, and cohesive defenses across state, local, and tribal entities. Experts stress that email remains the top attack vector, requiring targeted awareness training and people-centric security. Proofpoint’s tools for risk analysis, simulation, and email protection are showcased as enablers of effective whole-of-s

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