Indicators of Attack (IOAs) focus on detecting the behaviors and tactics adversaries use during an active attack, enabling earlier identification and prevention. In contrast, Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) are forensic artifacts signaling that a breach has already occurred. While IOCs help with post-incident investigation, IOAs provide proactive threat detection by identifying malicious activity patterns, making them essential for defending against sophisticated, persistent cyberattacks in today’s high-risk environment.

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