The Human-Powered Security Testing white paper by SANS highlights the growing need for skilled human testers to identify vulnerabilities that automated tools often miss. With data breaches costing an average of $4.45M in 2023 and 84% of companies still exposing high-risk flaws, human testers provide creativity, adaptability, and real-world attack simulations. The paper introduces “Return on Mitigation” (ROM) to evaluate security investments and showcases benefits across financial services, retail, and software industries. It emphasizes proactive, tailored defense strategies over passive automation.

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