The NCSC Cyber Assessment Framework (CAF) 4.0 provides structured guidance for managing cyber risk in critical systems. This paper outlines key objectives across governance, protection, detection, response, and recovery. It emphasizes resilience, visibility, and continuous improvement rather than one-time compliance. The framework helps organizations assess maturity, identify gaps, and prioritize controls aligned with modern threat landscapes. By mapping security outcomes to practical controls, CAF 4.0 enables consistent risk management across complex environments, supporting regulatory alignment, executive accountability, and stronger operational resilience.

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