This paper explains how privilege escalation attacks enable adversaries to gain higher system access and persist within environments. It outlines common techniques such as token manipulation, UAC bypass, and exploitation of misconfigurations. The document demonstrates how XDR platforms correlate endpoint, identity, and behavioral data to detect abnormal privilege use in real time. It highlights prevention strategies, including least-privilege enforcement, continuous monitoring, and automated response. The paper positions XDR as a critical capability for stopping attackers before they achieve full control over enterprise systems.

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