The paper explains that code signing ensures software integrity and establishes trust by proving code comes from a verified source and has not been altered. It describes how major platforms like Microsoft, Apple and Java rely on PKI based signatures and how IoT, mobile and embedded systems depend on signed firmware. Strong protection of private signing keys is essential, with HSMs recommended to prevent misuse and enable auditing. Best practices include centralized signing, key generation in hardware, proper revocation, timestamping and using robust algorithms to maintain long term security.

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