The paper explains the urgency of preparing for quantum threats, as future quantum computers will break today’s public key cryptography and enable harvest now, decrypt later attacks. It outlines challenges in migrating PKI, securing connected devices and protecting communications. Thales recommends crypto agile, hybrid approaches using Luna HSMs to support both classical and quantum safe algorithms, enable phased PKI transitions, secure code signing and maintain long term confidentiality. Hybrid key establishment and hash based signatures provide practical near term quantum resistant protection.

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