This 2024 whitepaper explains how large language models are reshaping cybersecurity as both an attacker tool and a defensive capability. It outlines how attackers can use AI to scale reconnaissance and scanning, generate or obfuscate malware, and create more convincing social engineering and deepfakes, increasing attack speed and deception. It also describes how AI systems themselves can be attacked through methods like data poisoning, adversarial examples, and model inversion, and recommends defenses such as adversarial training, continuous monitoring, explainable AI, data provenance, and model auditing, including guidance aligned to MITRE ATLAS. The paper concludes that AI can help SOCs shift from reactive to proactive defense when paired with secure foundations such as AWS Bedrock.

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