Telecom networks are becoming increasingly complex as operators integrate 4G, 5G, and non-terrestrial systems. To meet rising demand for reliability, scalability, and efficiency, CSPs must shift from isolated automation to fully autonomous networks. Using AI and ML, networks can evolve from basic assisted operations to self-configuring, self-healing ecosystems. Key enablers include AI assurance for trust and compliance, sandboxing to de-risk deployment, and collaboration across vendors, semiconductor firms, and third parties. Early applications, such as energy optimization and interference management, demonstrate tangible value. CSPs adopting deep tech autonomy now will secure competitive advantage in the multi-G era.

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