This Vertiv white paper examines how variable cooling technologies optimize data center performance under dynamic workloads driven by AI, IoT, and big data. Traditional fixed-capacity cooling struggles with fluctuating loads, creating inefficiencies and hot spots. Vertiv outlines solutions using variable speed compressors, EC fans, electronic expansion valves, pressure independent control valves, and variable pumping systems to match real-time demand while reducing energy use. These systems improve PUE, WUE, and CUE metrics, supporting sustainability and operational resilience. The paper emphasizes flexible, intelligent thermal management that adapts to virtualization, high-density server clusters, and changing ambient conditions, ensuring efficiency and uptime in mission-critical faciliti

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