Modern enterprises face evolving threats like ransomware, supply chain attacks, and credential theft, requiring a defense-in-depth strategy built on people, processes, and technology. Employees and admins must be trained to recognize risks, follow policies, and adopt secure behaviors, while developers are urged to embed security early in coding. Processes guided by least privilege and Zero Trust reduce attack surfaces, enforce just-in-time access, and detect lateral movement. Technology such as PAM, EPM, MFA, and secrets management integrates with detection and response tools to contain risks. This layered approach enables CISOs to anticipate breaches, improve resilience, and make security a driver of business continuity.

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