Penetration testing is a critical but often misunderstood part of enterprise security, distinct from vulnerability testing. While vulnerability assessments are automated scans that can produce false positives and lack context, penetration tests are human-led simulations of cyberattacks designed to find exploitable weaknesses and assess their potential impact. Methods range from gray, black, or white box testing depending on the information shared with testers. Pen tests not only reveal gaps before attackers exploit them but also support compliance in regulated industries. By adding human intelligence, they provide realistic insights, actionable priorities, and stronger defenses.

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