Not all DDoS attacks present the same risks, requiring advanced, precise defenses for quick and accurate response. High-volume, high-impact attacks can be mitigated with blackholing, rate limiting, and IP blocking, while 80% of attacks use only five protocols, making them easier to detect. The real challenge lies in multi-vector attacks using less common protocols and smaller strikes targeting subscribers, which are harder to distinguish from legitimate traffic. Effective defense demands pattern recognition, Layer 4–7 countermeasures, zero-day automation, and complex multi-stage rules to block malicious traffic without disrupting good traffic. As networks evolve toward 5G, vulnerabilities from 3G/4G combined with 5G create more numerous and dispersed threats.

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