Universal ZTNA: The Practitioner’s Handbook argues VPNs and classic ZTNA aren’t enough for today’s hybrid, app-everywhere world. Cisco’s Universal ZTNA applies zero trust to all users, devices (incl. IoT/OT), locations, and apps (modern + legacy), unifying ZTNA and VPN in one client with identity-first policy. It pairs SSE/SASE capabilities (SWG, CASB, DLP, FWaaS) and Identity Intelligence for granular, least-privilege access. A modern PoP stack (QUIC/MASQUE, VPP) boosts performance with fallback options. A 10-step checklist guides adoption, while a Hybrid Mesh Firewall secures app-to-app traffic. Outcome: consistent, low-friction access, simplified operations, and resilient zero-trust at scale.

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