The Identity Security Imperative: Machine Identities excerpt explains how non-human identities such as cloud workloads, IoT devices, bots, and AI agents now outnumber human identities by 82 to 1, creating massive risk exposure. These machine identities often hold high privileges, move laterally across environments, and rely on secrets or certificates for access. Challenges include hard-coded credentials, unmanaged secrets, and outdated PKI systems. The excerpt stresses centralized secrets management, dynamic secrets rotation, certificate lifecycle automation, and intelligent privilege controls like just-in-time access. Treating machine identities with the same urgency as human ones is critical to reducing risk, ensuring resilience, and supporting secure business growth.

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