Identity-centered Zero Trust places identity at the core of security, recognizing that human and machine identities are now the main attack surface. CISOs are urged to adopt adaptive authentication, least privilege, just-in-time access, credential vaulting, and zero standing privileges to shrink risks. The model covers five pillars—workloads, data, networks, devices, and identity—while emphasizing microsegmentation, automation, and continuous monitoring. Benefits include reducing breaches, lowering cyber insurance costs, enabling DevSecOps velocity, and tightening compliance. Challenges include technical complexity, legacy systems, productivity impacts, costs, and vendor selection, best addressed with unified, intelligent privilege controls.

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